Principle theories of synthetic aperture radar
Spatial resolution is the keystone to determining a physical object’s characteristics imaged in Radar sensors. In this context, it is known as the potential of Radar sensors to identify the close range between two objects as separate points.
For instance, if a certain radar system is capable of discriminating two closely spaced internal wave crests as separate objects, a lower resolution system may only show one internal wave crest. An internal wave is extremely clear with the fine lower resolution of 25 m as compared to 30-m and 100-m resolution, respectively
SAR spatial resolution is computed in the azimuth and range directions. Further, it is defined by the characteristics of the radar system and sensor. Resolution in the azimuth direction is, theoretically, one-half the length of the radar antenna.
In the context of signal processing, azimuth resolution is independent of range. Range resolution, consequently, is governed by the frequency bandwidth of the transmitted pulse and thus by the time duration (width) of the range-focused pulse. For instance, large bandwidths yield a small focused pulse width .
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